Brake Light Switch for the Model T Ford.

Although the Model T was not released with a brake light, present day traffic conditions make it very unwise not to have one. For one thing, few understand hand signals.
Accessory brake lights were available with the later Model T's. This replaced the single tail/number plate light with a dual arrangement consisting of the tail light as before, and a separate brake light with the word "STOP" embossed in the glass lens.


From the Australian Ford parts catalog 1927. This can be downloaded here.

The next part of the installation was how to switch the brake light. In the U.S. with their LHD cars, a switch was mounted on the starter motor Bendix cover. A repro version of this is available today:

Bendix cover switch senses the brake pedal moving outwards from the transmission cover.

As the brake pedal is pressed down, the cam which tightens the band around the brake drum inside the transmission, also causes the pedal shaft to move outwards. It then begins to press against the actuating rod of the switch.
However, this is obviously unsuitable for RHD cars since the pedals are on the opposite side of the transmission cover. Also, the brake pedal shaft moves inwards instead of outwards. This would require the normally open switch to be replaced with a normally closed type.
Another kind of switch operates on the same principles, but instead of being secured to the Bendix cover, it is secured using the transmission cover door screws. Again, if it was to be modified for RHD, the switch would have to be a normally closed type.


Pedal moving outwards presses on the switch plunger.

A third method is to ignore the sideways movement of the brake pedal, but operate on the forward movement. An accessory switch of this type became available in recent times, made by Fun Projects.

Fun Projects brake light switch.

As the brake pedal is pushed forwards, the switch is actuated via the spring. The spring is necessary to allow for the brake pedal to keep moving forward once the switch is fully depressed. This particular switch can be used with RHD cars.
All these accessory brake switches are widely available from Model T parts suppliers; Lang's obviously being one of them. Model T owners have also created their own home made versions.



Right Hand Drive Model T's.


Unlike LHD cars, the brake pedal shaft moves inwards when the brake is actuated. Two pin socket can be seen behind the brake pedal on the  body frame.

When it came time to equip my own Model T with brake lights, some thought was given to how this might be done. It is not clear how the RHD cars were originally fitted with a brake light switch, since they are not shown in any catalog I have seen, and nor have I seen any originals. Most owner attempts have been with the Hella type switch, and a piece of wire running up to the brake pedal arm to actuate it. It is a less elegant version of the Fun Projects switch and has been around for a long time, intended for vintage car use.

This Hella switch has been often adapted for Model T use in Australia.

The method of having the switch on a bracket mounted using the transmission door screws looked attractive initially. Unfortunately, with the accessory oil screen in place, the screws were just not long enough. Also, the stamping of the cover is such that it would have to be mounted upside down, so that the bracket can be screwed down flush. This is not possible with the oil screen. Also, one could be sceptical of the cover being mounted upside down in terms of directing the oil onto the drums. The stamping is such that oil drips off the middle, directly above the gap in the bands. No doubt, with a modified bracket and longer screws, this kind of switch could be made to work.
The Fun Projects switch was not yet available back in 2003, but there's a good chance I would have used it had it been so. I briefly toyed with using the Hella switch. A difficulty was with how the pedal moves in the RHD cars, and also how to clamp the spring to the brake pedal. Since the pedal arm is slightly tapered, any kind of clamp would be difficult to secure. In one instance, I had seen that the owner had drilled a hole through the brake pedal arm - something that no doubt solves the problem, but I was loath to do. Also, the closer to the shaft, the less movement there is to actuate the switch. My experience with this switch in other Model T's is that it's difficult to keep adjusted correctly. This is not a fault of the switch, but rather the difficulties of connecting it to the brake pedal - which it was never designed for.

I also wanted to minimise extra parts that would inhibit access to the transmission - more parts to remove each time the bands were adjusted, etc. What I came up with was a micro switch mounted on the draught deflector, which was actuated by the brake pedal arm.


As brake pedal moves forward, it presses against the arm of the micro switch.


Close up view of how switch is mounted on a bracket on the draught deflector.


Switch lever can be seen towards the lower part of the brake pedal arm.

Since the switch was mounted on the upper floorboard, it had to be readily disconnectable when the floorboards were removed. For this, a short cable was fitted with a two pin bakelite plug. This plugs into a two pin socket mounted on the framework. The plug and socket I used are of the U.S. two flat pin style, since these are rugged enough and are designed for frequent use. Since this type of plug and socket is of limited in use in Australia, there would be no risk of someone plugging the brake light switch into the mains. One would have to question the logic of removing the floorboard from the car, taking it to a power point and plugging it in!

By and large, the switch was very reliable since installing it in 2003, and using it up until the end of 2021. However, once in a while, particularly when the brake was getting to the point of needing adjustment, the switch lever would hook over the pedal arm and get bent.
Thoughts were again made to an improved switch. Drilling into the chassis or framework was something to be avoided, and this limits the options. As mentioned before, I didn't want to make use of the transmission door screws.
Clamping things to the brake pedal arm is never reliable, and it's something else that has to be dismantled when removing the brake pedal for band re-lining.
Magnetic (Hall effect, proximity sensor, reed switch) or optical sensors are a possible option, and maybe one day I might go down that path.



New Brake Light Switch.
The new brake switch works on a different principle. Taking advantage of the brake pedal being earthed, this itself becomes a moving contact, brushing past a fixed contact as the arm moves forward.


The spring can be seen just inside the lower part of the opening.


How the spring is mounted relative to the pedal arm.

An ordinary coil spring is used as the fixed contact. It is mounted a few millimetres away from the back of the pedal arm. As the brake is applied, the back of the arm touches the spring, with the spring wiping against the side of the arm, the further the brake pedal is pushed.
This completes the circuit to earth.

Because the brake lights work with a switched positive, and the switch operates with a switched negative, a relay was required. To accommodate this, a small aluminium box was made up which also supported the spring. The box mounting was made adjustable by means of a slotted bracket which was riveted to the draught deflector. Conveniently, the existing two pin plug and socket could be retained, since the only connections required to the wiring were still the 6V supply and switched output to the brake lights.


Inside the box. The relay is under the bracket, and the spring attaches to a bakelite screw terminal strip.


Circuit of what's inside the box.

The relay coil is switched by the pedal touching the spring, and the normally open contacts complete the 6V supply to the brake lights. The relay I used was made by Omron with a 6V coil, and has four contacts rated at 5A. These were all paralleled.
Instead of the relay, it should be possible to use a PNP power transistor (e.g. MJ2955) with a base resistor. The base would be taken to earth via the base resistor, which would allow current to flow from emitter to collector. I considered this, but since I had the relay it was the easiest approach. Since the two pin plug and socket is non polarised, the circuit will not work if the plug is in the wrong way round, but no damage will result.
The new switch certainly works, and is more rugged than the micro switch. A limitation is how good the contact is between the spring and brake pedal, and with only 6V it can be imagined that any oxide or dirt would make for unreliable operation. The wiping action should keep these parts clean, but only time will tell.


Underside of floorboard.



Third Brake Switch.
As I suspected, the previous switch did not always make reliable contact. A stiffer spring would have undoubtedly helped. Still wanting something that wasn't mounted on the floorboards, I returned to the method used to sense the pedal shaft position.
In the case of RHD cars, the pedal shaft goes further into the transmission as it is pressed on. The real challenge is what to mount the switch on, since obviously the Bendix cover does not suit. I wanted to avoid drilling holes in anything, and the nearest bolts I could use are two which secure the body to the chassis. An interesting switch seen on the MTFCA forum used the bolt which secures the brake pedal cam to the transmission cover, to secure a switch bracket to. This had a certain elegance about it being so simple and effective, but unfortunately with RHD cars, the exhaust pipe runs very near to that area. On a hot day with a red hot exhaust, not many switches would last in the heat.

I briefly experimented with an optical switch. A red LED shined onto an LDR via a reflective surface. The reflective surface was to be on the brake pedal arm. As the LDR resistance dropped, base current to a switching transistor would increase, actuating a relay.
While the concept worked, the problem was a high standby current because some relay current is flowing before the relay actually pulls in. Also, the circuit would be influenced by ambient light. So, back to the mechanical sensor.

The two body bolts I wanted to use required a rather complicated bracket to be made up. With two different angles, and a tapered shape, it was easier to make up a cardboard template first. Once this fitted satisfactorily, I cut out a piece of scrap steel and bent up the bracket. With a bit of cutting and filing it fitted perfectly.

The next thing was what to use for the rod bearing against the brake pedal shaft. After much looking around, I found a steel tent peg that was just right. This required to be spring loaded and supported on the bracket, and so a suitable bracket was made up for that.
Then a lever to act as pivot was required, and finally an adjustable mount for the micro switch.


Micro switch mounted on spring loaded bracket to allow adjustment in the car.

By the time I had finished it, you could say it was a mechanical nightmare of overkill. It was a lot of intricate bracket making.


Completed switch.


Finally mounted in the car.



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